Rudolf krausse



v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLF KRAUssE, or MENTZ, GERMANY.

STREET-LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,209, dated January 6, 1885.

Application filed August 22,1893. (Yo model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDoLE KRAUSSE, of )"Ientz, in the Empire of Germany, have invented new and useful improvements in the constructionofgas-lanterns forlighting streets and public places, called lanterns for intensive lighting, which are fully set forth and dcscribed in the following specification.

My improved construction of lanterns has for-its object to attain a higherlighting effect in comparison with the ordinary lanterns, at an equal consumption of gas, in connection with aquiet flame independent of or free from external disturbing influences. These advantages will be obtained, first, by the admission of air in a warmed state and in a quantity corresponding to the consumption, for which purpose the cross-section of apertures of the tubes for admitting air must be in a suitable proportion; second, by a tight locking of the lantern; and, finally, by the employment of a cap or helm, preventing the entrance of wind; and in order that my said invention may be fully understood, I shall now proceed to describe the same more particularly, and for ihis purpose refer to the annexed sheet of drawings, the same letters of reference indicating the same parts in all the figures;

Figure 1 shows an external view of my improved lantern. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line A. I; of Fig. 11. Fig. 3 shows a burner one-hallol' its usual size.

Above the under frame, (I, which is pro vided with the roof I), is arranged a second roof, 0, which is fastened at a determined distance from 7), and which projects over and about the edges of I), as shown at I).

in the interior of the lantern, and at a certain distance from the burner and from the roof 7), is arranged the reflector r, to which is closely connected the chimney I, with a conical extension. 8, over which the cap it rises. The bottom of the lantern is closed, the panes of the sides and roof are tightly fitted, and likewise the door, when closed, should be tight and held closed, by any suitable 1neans as, for instance, by a lever. (indicated at 1* in Fig. 1.)

The burncrfconsists, iii-st, of a number of Patented in Germany April 5, 1883. No. 22.927.

double burners, the number and size of which depend upon the capacity of the lantern; second of one single double burner, g; and, third, of the lightflame k.

In lanterns of smaller size with only one demo, the burner g and light-flame 7c are dispensed with. A cock. 1), admits the gas to the burners, and it shouldbe so arranged with reference to the different burners that, by turningit more orless, as desired, it will either admit gas to the burner alone or to all the other burners around 9, while cutting off the supply to g. This will be evident to any gasfitter and needs no further explanation.

The operation of inylantern is as follows: By turning the cock 1) for one-eighth (l)ofa circle the burnerg will belighted on the fiamelc, which burner alone bu rnsin this position ofthe cock. If the turning of the cock is continued a furthereighth (i) of a circle, all the other burners around the burner {f get lighted. while 9 is extinguished. The admission of air to the flame is now effected in the way indicated by the arrows Z. The air enters at 1) into the space 1' between the two roofs, c and b, which space constitutes a pre-heni ing storagechanr ber closed at its highest point or part. and in which air is stored before it takes its way downward to the interior of the lantern. The outer air enters this chamber a long distance from its top or highest point and always passes in an upward direction, as indicated by the arrow Z, the chamber being over the whole of the under or main roof, I), and forming with it a space which is entirely or substantially protected against all outer currents or blasts of air. The air when rising in this chamber is already heated, and the air most heated must occupy the highest place, and at this point it comes into direct and intimate contact with the deflector, and remains there until,in consequence of the difference of grav ity between the stored air and that contained in the lantern, an entering of the heated air into the lantern takes place through the apen tures '17, which may, if desired, be covered with wire-gauze. The more heated the do fiector becomes the more heated also becomes the air in the upper part of this storage-chain her, and it requires an increased development of heat in the interior of the lantern in order to cause the sinking downof the air. In this way the air is warmed, first, in the space or, next in the space 1, over the reflector, and finally directly by the radiated heat of the flame. The velocity of the admitted air depends upon the cross-section of the inlets, and upon the difference of the temperature be: tween the entering air and the escaping gases of combustion, and also upon the height of the chimney, which is preferably as small as possible, so that the flame is in no manner disturbed. The gases of combustion escape in the direction indicated 'by the arrows m. The construction of the double roof prevents the external currents of air acting upon the inlets of air, whereby the pernicious influence of wind in the direction of the arrows a is eX- cluded by the cap or helm, (constructed of three roofs,) while it allows free escape to the gases of combustion. any external blasts of air incident to storms or sudden gusts can exert little or no agitating influence on the burning flame, because such blasts must strike against the outer root, 0, which has no openings whatever to admit air, the only inlet for air being below the lowermost point or line of the inner roof, I), and this is an annular inlet surrounding the lantern. This outer roof,c, at its lowest part, has also an iuwardlyturning flange, I), which extends below the roof I), and still further guards against any violent driving of air into the space or chamber a", for this flange I) must operate to detleet such driving winds andlead them downward outside the lantern and away from the receiving-mouth. of the space My improved construction of lanterns permits the advantageous employment of double burners, (the latter very sensibly resisting the influence of currents of air,) and offers a considerable increase of lighting effect, in consequence of the preheating of air, avoiding the admittance of too much air, and consequently the cooling of the reflector, which increase, after several and exact photomctrical measurings, amounts to eighty-four per cent. in comparison with the effect of an ordinary burner.

I am aware that lanterns have been made in which the air for combustion is admitted at or near the top of the lantern-roof through a circular series of openings made for that purpose, and in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction beneath a narrow rim or band projecting horizontally, or nearly so, a short dis- It will beseen also that tance from a chimney, and not parallel with nor outside of the mainroof; but in such construotion there is no double roof such as I have shown and described, and the incoming currents of air are not protected against outer violent gusts or winds, as they are by my special construction; but I am not aware that prior to my invention a street gas-lantern has been made having an external supplemental roof parallel with the main roof and extending down to the plane or level of the lowest line of such main or ordinary roof, the space between the lower parallel lines of these two roofs affording the only inlet for air to support combustion; nor am I aware of any such construction in which an inwardly-turned flange depends from the lowermost edge of this second or outer roof.

Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of myinvention, and the manner in which the same is or may be car ried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as my invention, is-

1. A lantern for gas-lighting,provided with a second roof, 0, outside of and substantially parallel with the main roof I), and extending downward to the level of the lowermost line of said main roof, and admitting air only between these roofs and at or below said lowermost line, the combination and arrangement of these parts serving not only to exclude the influence of external currents of air, but also for the purpose of storing and preheating air for combustion, all substantially as shown and described.

2. In combination with the main roof I) and with the exterior roof, 0, extending down to the plane or level of the lowermost line of the main roof, the inwardly-turned flange I), projecting inwardly from the lower line of said roof c, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In combination with the preheating chamher 00, located between the roof I) and a second and outerrooi', c, the openings t in the main roof b, and the deflector 1', the combina tion being and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RUD. KRAUSSE.

\Vitnesses: V

Gnxs. S. Lxnnxnnn, CARL En. HAHN. 

